I just spent hours analyzing documents for a paper for my US History class and the last thing I want to do is write more. However, I had to write something about family values because I had an ephiphany.
Way back before women had all the rights we now have and cherish (you do cherish them don’t you?) America was a very different country. Just after the Civil War, while the recently freed, yet still uneducated, former slaves were allowed to vote, educated women were still denied that right. Divorce was only allowed for 17 reasons and was difficult to obtain even in cases of severe domestic violence. Feminists (though the term was not yet coined) had started to fight for suffrage before the Civil War, they were also fighting for fewer restrictions on divorce. Elizabeth Cady Stanton wrote a number of essays calling for relaxed divorce laws. Opponents swore these relaxed laws would destroy the foundation of the family. Stanton and her supporters were sure that families would become stronger once both parties were in the marriage voluntarily and had an option, especially since many marriages were between minors.
One of the reasons given to continue to deny women the right to vote (by federal law, some states did allow it) was because it would undermine family values. Suffragettes like Stanton, Susan B. Anthony, & Carrie Chapmann Catt fought to have a federal ammendment passed and the good ‘ol boys club screamed and hollered that giving women this right would destroy marriages, families and undermine a woman’s place in the home.
Even before all American women had the right to vote, some people recognized that frequent child-bearing, constant nursing and poor nutrition all contributed to harm a woman’s health. Impoverished families would remain impoverished because each “successful” pregnancy resulted in another mouth to feed, which meant the few resources they had, had to split more ways and typically, Mom got less. This contributed to her overwork, her poor nutrition and a never ending cycle of poverty. Yet, these American women who desperately needed (and likely, wanted it) were not permitted to recieve information on what caused pregnancy or how to prevent it. The Comstock Laws considered such information to be obscene and profane! That’s right, the birds and the bees was pornography! Not only that, but distributing information (even on the rhythm method) was illegal. A doctor giving a diaphragm could be imprisoned, a woman using one could go to jail. Women had one option to prevent pregnancy… just abstain from sex… even with your husband. Why? Being able to control how many children AND when would undermine family values…and increase pre-marital sex.
Margaret Sanger began distributing materials and contraceptive devices from a clinic in Brooklyn in 1916, targeting poor women. Ten days later she was arrested. She ultimately served a month in jail for violating the law. Yet, a few years later when the American boys were joining the Great War (aka World War I) the American government began distributing contraceptive devices to try to prevent venereal diseases in the troops. That’s right, poor women can’t be permitted access to something that could help them improve the quality of their life, but gotta save the boys the pain of syphllis and gonarrhea! It would take years to repeal ALL the laws forbidding a physician or clinic from distributing contraceptives. DECADES even. Why? Family values.
So, the next time you hear a politician scream and shout “It’ll undermine the family values.” Substitute “The Pill”, “Diaphraghms”, “Women voting” or “No fault divorce” for whatever “it” is and remember, if there hadn’t been women and men willing to “destroy family values” women wouldn’t be voting. If someone hadn’t stood up and said “Women should be able to control their reproduction”, today’s women would still be having a child once every year or two for their entire reproductive lives… or not having sex with their partners. Heck, most women might not even know what causes pregnancy today. Easier divorces didn’t undermine anything that wasn’t already broken, it just gives people a chance to move on sooner, without the spouse dying of unknown causes.
Next week, most people will head to the polls, some will be voting for family values. Just be sure you know what that really means, especially if you’re a woman.